Diabetes is increasingly common in cats, especially those who are overweight. The good news is that many cats respond well to treatment, and some even go into remission. Here’s what to know about diabetes in cats, from early signs to insulin and diet.
Quick Answer: Feline diabetes happens when the body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it properly, leading to high blood sugar. Signs include increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss and a larger appetite. Treatment usually involves insulin injections, a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet and weight management. Some cats achieve remission with early, consistent treatment.
What Causes Diabetes in Cats?
Most diabetic cats have a form similar to type 2 diabetes in people. Risk factors include:
- Obesity (the biggest risk factor). See obesity in cats.
- Physical inactivity
- Age over about 7 years
- Male cats
- Some steroid medications
- Pancreatitis
- Certain breeds, like Burmese, in some regions
The Cornell Feline Health Center notes that weight and diet play important roles in feline diabetes.
Signs of Diabetes
| Sign | Notes |
|---|---|
| Increased thirst | Emptying water bowls faster |
| Frequent urination | Larger or more litter box clumps |
| Weight loss | Despite a good appetite |
| Increased appetite | Often early on |
| Lethargy | Less active |
| Poor coat | Unkempt fur |
| Plantigrade stance | Walking on the hocks (back legs) due to nerve damage |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An Emergency
Untreated diabetes can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition.
Seek emergency care if your diabetic cat stops eating, vomits, becomes very weak or breathes rapidly. DKA needs hospital treatment.
Diagnosis
Your vet will check:
- Blood glucose
- Fructosamine (average blood sugar over the past 1 to 2 weeks)
- Glucose and ketones in the urine
- Other bloodwork to look for related conditions
Stress can raise blood sugar in cats at the clinic, so vets use multiple tests to confirm.
Treatment
Insulin
Most diabetic cats need insulin injections, usually twice daily with meals. Your vet will:
- Choose an insulin type
- Teach you how to give injections
- Adjust the dose based on monitoring
Some newer oral medications are approved for certain newly diagnosed cats that still make some insulin. Ask your vet if your cat is a candidate.
Diet
A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can improve blood sugar control. Wet foods are often lower in carbohydrates than dry food.
Weight loss
Gradual weight loss in overweight cats improves insulin sensitivity.
Monitoring at Home
| Method | How it helps |
|---|---|
| Home blood glucose testing | Checks blood sugar with an ear or paw prick |
| Continuous glucose monitors | Small sensor tracks glucose for about 2 weeks |
| Tracking thirst, urine and appetite | Changes signal control |
| Weekly weights | Shows progress |
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Too much insulin can cause dangerously low blood sugar.
Signs: weakness, wobbling, twitching, confusion, seizures.
What to do: rub corn syrup or honey on the gums if your cat is conscious, then call your vet or go to an emergency clinic.
Remission
Some cats, especially those treated early with good glucose control and diet, go into remission and no longer need insulin. Remission is more likely in the first 6 months after diagnosis. Cats in remission still need monitoring.
Living With a Diabetic Cat
- Feed consistent meals at the same times.
- Give insulin as directed, after your cat eats.
- Never give insulin if your cat hasn’t eaten. Call your vet.
- Store insulin as directed and use the right syringes.
- Keep regular vet rechecks.
When to Call Your Vet
Emergency: weakness, collapse, seizures, vomiting, not eating or fast breathing
Soon: increased thirst or urination, weight loss, walking on the hocks
Frequently Asked Questions
Is cat diabetes curable?
Some cats go into remission, but diabetes can return. Ongoing monitoring is important.
How much does diabetic care cost?
Costs include insulin, syringes, special food and vet visits. Your vet can help you plan.
Can I give insulin if my cat vomits?
Call your vet first. Giving insulin without food can cause low blood sugar.
Can diabetes be prevented?
Keeping cats at a healthy weight and active lowers the risk.
Do insulin shots hurt?
The needles are very small, and most cats barely notice when shots are given with a meal or treat.
Can I travel with a diabetic cat?
Yes, with planning. Bring insulin, syringes, food and a cooler, and keep the same schedule.
What if I miss an insulin dose?
Don’t double up. Call your vet for advice and give the next scheduled dose.
Are dry foods bad for diabetic cats?
Many dry foods are higher in carbohydrates. Some prescription dry diets are formulated for diabetes, but many vets prefer wet, low-carb foods.
This article is for general information only and isn’t a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you’re worried about your pet’s health, contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal hospital.
